5.1
Pedigree Pattern for seeking quality brood bitch
“...... sometimes the ultimate in balance
(pedigree) is achieved when the great producers in
the breed relate to each other in balanced genetic
combinations they return to the progeny through
both sire and the dam.”
–
Born to Win, by Patricia V.
Craige
In
Inbreeding
to Superior female, by Rommy Faversham and
Leon Rasmussen, which was published in 1999, the
authors introduced two pedigree patterns for FFI.
One is Formula One Pattern pedigree and the other
is Delta Pattern pedigree.
5.1.1
Formula One Pattern
In regards to Female Family Inbreeding /
Linebreeding, for Formula One Pattern to be
constituted, the individual’s sire and dam should
both share the same dam or grand dam in the
pedigree (see Figure 5.1). Breeders can apply X-
factor and M-factor to structure the Formula One
Pattern in the hope they will produce a quality
brood bitch.
Firstly, it is assumed that Flame is a quality
brood bitch in the following pedigrees, so we
attempt to structure two Flame X-chromosomes.
Caesar passes on one Flame X-chromosome to his
daughter because he only carries one X-chromosome
from his dam, while Spice has one Chief
X-chromosome and one Flame X-Chromosome. In figure
4.5, if breeding Caesar to Spice, their female
offspring will have a 75% chance to carry two
Flame X-chromosomes and all of their female
offspring will carry on with Flame’s mtDNA
because, as discussed previously, M-factor is only
shown in bitch’s “Direct Tail Female Line”.
|
Parents |
2nd Generation |
3rd Generation |
|
CAESAR xy |
CREDIT XY |
TRADER |
|
SAGE |
|
FLAME XX |
CHIP |
|
FIRE |
|
SPICE XX |
CHIEF XY |
BRANNIGAN |
|
ERLENE |
|
FLAME XX |
CHIP |
|
FIRE |
Figure 5.1 Pedigree for Formula One Pattern.
5.1.2
Delta Pattern
On the other hand, in order for Delta Pattern to
be constituted, the sire and dam should both share
the same grand dam located on the top and at the
bottom of the pedigree (see Figure 5.2). Although
the female puppies from King Kong and Indy will
still carry Flame’s mtDNA, they are not able to
carry two Flame X-Chromosomes because King Kong
does not carry any of Flame’s X-Chromosome. Under
these circumstances, King Kong’s male and female
offspring only have a 25% chance to carry one
Flame X-Chromosome.
In order for Inter-Delta Pattern pedigree (see
Figure 5.3) to be constituted, the sire and the
dam should both share the same grand dam. For the
sire, his grand dam is located on the dam side.
For the dam, her grand dam is located on the sire
side. In this case, Kato has a 50% chance to carry
Flame’s X-Chromosome because Tahnee carries one
Flame X-Chromosome and one Credit X-Chromosome.
Kitty must carry one of Flame’s X-Chromosomes,
therefore Kato and Kitty offspring only have a 25%
chance to carry two Flame X-chromosomes but
unfortunately their female offspring do not carry
Flame’s mtDNA.
|
Parents |
2nd Generation |
3rd Generation |
|
Kingkong xy |
CAESAR XY |
CREDIT XY |
|
FLAME XX |
|
Marilyn XX |
CHIEF |
|
SPREE |
|
Indy XX
OR XX |
JORDAN XY |
SPECS |
|
Maggie |
|
RAYLEE XX |
CREDIT XY |
|
FLAME XX |
Figure 5.2 Pedigree for Delta Pattern.
|
Parents |
2nd Generation |
3rd Generation |
|
Kato Xy
or xy |
JORDAN |
SPECS |
|
Maggie |
|
TAHNEE XX |
CREDIT XY |
|
FLAME XX |
|
Kitty XX
OR XX |
VULCAN XY |
CHIEF |
|
FLAME XX |
|
PIXIE XX |
JORDAN XY |
|
Marilyn XX |
Figure 5.3 Pedigree for Inter-Delta
Pattern.
5.1.3
Step Pattern
Figure 5.4 is another example of pedigree
structure. I call this the ‘Step Pattern
Pedigree’. For
Step Pattern to be constituted, the dam of the
sire shall be the same as the granddam of the dam.
This pattern can be continued to the fourth
generation as shown in figure 5.4.
Flame passed on one of her X-chromosomes to Caesar
and then Caesar passed on his X-chromosome to his
female offspring. Since Oceanus has inherited the
X-chromosome from Flame and Lydia carries one
Flame’s X-Chromosome through Vulcan, Sonya has a
50% chance to carry two Flame’s X-Chromosomes. In
this case, the female offspring from Caesar and
Sonya have a 75% chance to carry two Flame
X-Chromosomes but unfortunately their offspring
cannot
continue to carry on Flame’s mtDNA.
|
Parents |
2nd Generation |
3rd Generation |
4th Generation |
|
Caesar
XY |
CREDIT |
TRADER |
GAGE |
|
PEGEEN |
|
SAGE |
WHISKEY |
|
SOLLY |
|
FLAME XX |
CHIP |
WOODCHIP |
|
Delta |
|
FIRE |
CHIEF |
|
SISKA |
|
Sonya XX
or XX |
OCEANUS XY |
JORDAN |
SPECS |
|
Maggie |
|
FLAME XX |
CHIP |
|
FIRE |
|
Lydia XX |
VULCAN XY |
CHIEF |
|
FLAME XX |
|
VENUS XX |
TITUS |
|
PIXIE |
Figure 5.4 An example of Full-Step Pattern
Pedigree
5.2
Individual Tail Female Family Linebreeding
In this case, the sire and the dam
have different ancestor in the Tail Female line in
three generations or more. The merit of using
different individual’s tail female line is to
provide genetic variation because each parent has
its own unique genetic makeup. When applying this
breeding theory, even though the selected
individuals are unrelated to each other in three
generations, they should have similar traits
so that the similar genes can be collected.
Referring to Figure 5.5, a Titus and Tahnee
breeding has a 50% chance to produce female
offspring with Vanna and Flame’s X-chromosome.
|
Parents |
2nd Generation |
3rd Generation |
|
TITUS
|
CHIEF |
FROSTY |
|
ERLENE |
|
VANNA
|
JOE |
|
SISKA |
|
TAHNEE |
CREDIT |
TRADER |
|
SAGE |
|
FLAME
|
CHIP |
|
FIRE |
Figure 5.5 Example of Individual Tail Female
Family Linebreeding
Thus, before undertaking Female Family Inbreeding
/ Linebreeding, the understanding of X-Chromosome
is essential and breeders must determine a
suitable brood bitch for this purpose. Remember,
always linebreed on the producers, not the big
winners.
